JavaScript Math

The JavaScript Math object allows you to perform mathematical tasks on numbers.

Example

Math.PI;           // Returns 3.141592653589793

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Math.round()

Math.round(x) The returned value is x rounded to the nearest integer:

Example

Math.round(6.8);    // Returns 7
Math.round(2.3);    // Returns 2

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Math.pow()

Math.pow(x, y) The returned value is x to the power of y:

Example

Math.pow(8, 2);      // Returns 64

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Math.sqrt()

Math.sqrt(x) Returns the square root of x:

Example

Math.sqrt(64);      // Returns 8

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Math.abs()

Math.abs(x) Returns the absolute (positive) value of x:

Example

Math.abs(-4.7);     // Returns 4.7

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Math.ceil()

Math.ceil(x) The returned value is x CeilingThe closest integer:

Example

Math.ceil(6.4);     // Returns 7

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Math.floor()

Math.floor(x) The returned value is x FlooringThe closest integer:

Example

Math.floor(2.7);    // Returns 2

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Math.sin()

Math.sin(x) Returns the sine of angle x (a value between -1 and 1).

If you want to use degrees instead of radians, you need to convert the angle to radians:

Angle in radians = Angle in degrees x PI / 180.

Example

Math.sin(90 * Math.PI / 180);     // Returns 1 (the sine of 90 degrees)

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Math.cos()

Math.cos(x) Returns the cosine of angle x (in radians) (a value between -1 and 1).

If you want to use degrees instead of radians, you need to convert the angle to radians:

Angle in radians = Angle in degrees x PI / 180.

Example

Math.cos(0 * Math.PI / 180);     // Returns 1 (cosine of 0 degrees)

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Math.min() and Math.max()

Math.min() and Math.max() Can be used to find the lowest or highest value in the parameter list:

Example

Math.min(0, 450, 35, 10, -8, -300, -78);  // Returns -300

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Example

Math.max(0, 450, 35, 10, -8, -300, -78);  // Returns 450

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Math.random()

Math.random() Returns a random number between 0 (inclusive) and 1 (exclusive):

Example

Math.random();     // Returns a random number

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You will learn more about Math.random() knowledge.

Math properties (constants)

JavaScript provides 8 mathematical constants accessible via the Math object:

Example

Math.E          // Returns Euler's number (Euler's number)
Math.PI         // Returns the value of pi (PI)
Math.SQRT2      // Returns the square root of 2
Math.SQRT1_2    // Returns the square root of 1/2
Math.LN2        // Returns the natural logarithm of 2
Math.LN10       // Returns the natural logarithm of 10
Math.LOG2E      // Returns the logarithm of e to the base 2 (approximately equal to 1.414)
Math.LOG10E     // Returns the logarithm of e to the base 10 (approximately equal to 0.434)

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Math constructor

Unlike other global objects, the Math object does not have a constructor. Methods and properties are static.

All methods and properties (constants) can be used without first creating a Math object.

Math object method

Method Description
abs(x) Returns the absolute value of x
acos(x) Returns the arccosine of x, in radians
asin(x) Return the arcsine of x, in radians
atan(x) Return the arctangent of x, in radians, with a value between -PI/2 and PI/2 radians.
atan2(y,x) Return the angle from the x-axis to the point (x,y)
ceil(x) Round up x
cos(x) Return the cosine of x
exp(x) Return the value of Ex
floor(x) Round down x
log(x) Return the natural logarithm of x (base e)
max(x,y,z,...,n) Return the maximum value
min(x,y,z,...,n) Return the minimum value
pow(x,y) Return x to the power of y
random() Return a random number between 0 and 1
round(x) Round x to the nearest integer
sin(x) Return the sine of x (x in degrees)
sqrt(x) Return the square root of x
tan(x) Return the tangent of an angle

Complete Math Reference Manual

For a complete reference manual, please visit our full Math Object Reference Manual.

This reference manual includes descriptions and examples of all Math properties and methods.