How to Create: Fullscreen Overlay Navigation

Learn how to create a fullscreen overlay navigation menu.

Create Fullscreen Overlay Navigation

Step 1 - Add HTML:

<!-- 覆盖层 -->
<div id="myNav" class="overlay">
  <!-- 可关闭叠加导航的按钮 -->
  <a href="javascript:void(0)" class="closebtn" onclick="closeNav()">×</a>
  <!-- Overlay content -->
  <div class="overlay-content">
    <a href="#">About</a>
    <a href="#">Services</a>
    <a href="#">Clients</a>
    <a href="#">Contact</a>
  </div>
</div>
/* Use any element to open/display the overlay navigation menu */
<span onclick="openNav()">open</span>

Second step - Add CSS:

/* Overlay (background) */
.overlay {
  /* Height and width depend on how you want to display the overlay (see the JS below) */   
  height: 100%;
  width: 0;
  position: fixed; /* Stay in place */
  z-index: 1; /* Sit on top */
  left: 0;
  top: 0;
  background-color: rgb(0,0,0); /* Alternate black */
  background-color: rgba(0,0,0, 0.9); /* Semi-transparent black */
  overflow-x: hidden; /* Disable horizontal scrolling */
  transition: 0.5s; /* 0.5 second transition effect, to slide in or slide down the overlay (height or width depends on the display method) */
}
/* Position the content inside the overlay */
.overlay-content {
  position: relative;
  top: 25%; /* 25% from the top */
  width: 100%; /* 100% width */
  text-align: center; /* Center the text/link */
  margin-top: 30px; /* Top outer margin of 30 pixels to avoid conflict with the close button on small screens */
}
/* Navigation links within the overlay */
.overlay a {
  padding: 8px;
  text-decoration: none;
  font-size: 36px;
  color: #818181;
  display: block; /* Display as a block instead of inline */
  transition: 0.3s; /* Transition effect (color) when the mouse hovers */
}
/* Change the color when the mouse hovers over the navigation link */
.overlay a:hover, .overlay a:focus {
  color: #f1f1f1;
}
/* Place the close button (top right corner) */
.overlay .closebtn {
  position: absolute;
  top: 20px;
  right: 45px;
  font-size: 60px;
}
When the screen height is less than 450 pixels, change the link font size and reposition the close button to avoid them overlapping
/* Change the link font size and reposition the close button when the screen height is less than 450 pixels, so that they do not overlap */
@media screen and (max-height: 450px) {
  .overlay a {font-size: 20px}
  .overlay .closebtn {
    font-size: 40px;
    top: 15px;
    right: 35px;
  }
}

Step 3 - Add JavaScript:

In the following example, when triggered, the overlay navigation menu slides in from left to right (from 0 to 100% width):

Slide in from the side

/* Open when someone clicks the span element */
function openNav() {
  document.getElementById("myNav").style.width = "100%";
}
/* Close when someone clicks the "x" symbol within the overlay */
function closeNav() {
  document.getElementById("myNav").style.width = "0%";
}

Try It Yourself

In the following example, the overlay navigation menu slides down from the top (from 0 to 100% height).

Note:In this example, note that the CSS is slightly different from the above example (the default height is now 0, the width is 100%, and overflow-y is hidden (disabled vertical scrolling, except for small screens)):

Slide down from the top

/* Open */
function openNav() {
  document.getElementById("myNav").style.height = "100%";
}
/* Close */
function closeNav() {
  document.getElementById("myNav").style.height = "0%";
}

Try It Yourself

This example does not use animation when opening the navigation menu:

No animation to open the menu

/* Open */
function openNav() {
  document.getElementById("myNav").style.display = "block";
}
/* Close */
function closeNav() {
  document.getElementById("myNav").style.display = "none";
}

Try It Yourself

Related Pages

Tutorial:CSS Navigation Bar