XML Attributes

Kimiyyar XML za a iya amfani da kimiyyar sa a cikin tagin kai, dake kama da HTML.

Kimiyyar sa (Attribute) tana ba bayanin kimiyyar sa (Element) bayanin siffa (Additional) ta addini.

Kwamtarin XML ya tabbatar da iyali

Kiyasta na matsakaiciya ya haɗa da iyali, kuma iyali daya ko biyu zai iya:

Kamar yadda abin da ke nufin jinsi, kwamtarin <person> zai iya:

<person gender="female">

ko wani kamar yau:

<person gender='female'>

Idan kiyasta na matsakaiciya ya hada da iyali, amfani da iyali daya kuma zai iya:

<gangster name='George "Shotgun" Ziegler'>

ko amfani da mafarki karfe:

<gangster name="George "Shotgun" Ziegler">

Kwamtarin XML da kimiyyar sa

Riwaunin da yau:

<person gender="female">
  <firstname>Anna</firstname>
  <lastname>Smith</lastname>
</person>
<person>
  <gender>female</gender>
  <firstname>Anna</firstname>
  <lastname>Smith</lastname>
</person>

A wasan farko, sex shi ne property. A wasan biyu, sex shi ne child element. Both wasannan za'a iya kare bayanin kama.

Ba na da koyarwa a XML don nufin kada zai amfani da properties ko kuma child elements. Dabbamata a HTML, amfani da properties yana iya samun kama, amma a XML, ka kai amfani da kuma kai amfani da child elements domin bayanin da yana da iyali.

Wayin da a ka kallama

Duba waɗannan takaitaccen XML na kusan rarrabu aiki:

An amfani da date property a wasan na farko:

<note date="2008-01-10">
  <to>George</to>
  <from>John</from>
</note>

An amfani da <date> element a wasan na biyu:

<note>
  <date>2008-01-10</date>
  <to>George</to>
  <from>John</from>
</note>

An amfani da kusan date element a wasan na uku (wannan shi ne maimakon mace-mi):

<note>
  <date>
    <year>2008</year>
    <month>01</month>
    <day>10</day>
  </date>
  <to>George</to>
  <from>John</from>
</note>

Avoid amfani da properties?

Duba kudade kuma amfani da properties:

  • Properties ba za'a iya rarraba manyan nau'i (element zai iya rarraba)
  • Properties ba za'a iya kware da tsarin nau'i (element zai iya kware)
  • Properties ba za'a iya rarraba (daga tsawon lokaci)

Ka amfani da element na hanyar ba da bayanin bayanin. Manana ba zai amfani da properties domin bayanin da ba da kama da bayanin.

Kama kai amfani da wannan abin da ba yana iya samun kama a (wannan ba shine yancin XML a iya amfani da shi):

<note day="10" month="01" year="2008"
to="George" from="John" heading="Reminder"
body="Don't forget the meeting!">
</note>

Kuɗurewarta na XML

Kodannan ba za'a yawa ce id don keɗan hanyar. Ana ɗauka zaɗaɗɗen ID don nufin bayanin XML, kuma yana gudanarwa a hanyar da kamar ID da a ɗauka a HTML. Hanyar wasan shi hana kai koyi:

<messages>
  <note id="501">
    <to>George</to>
    <from>John</from>
    <heading>Reminder</heading>
    <body>Don't forget the meeting!</body>
  </note>
  <note id="502">
    <to>John</to>
    <from>George</from>
    <heading>Re: Reminder</heading>
    <body>I will not</body>
  </note> 
</messages>

上面的 ID 仅仅是一个标识符，用于标识不同的便签。它并不是便签数据的组成部分。

在此我们极力向您传递的理念是：元数据（有关数据的数据）应当存储为属性，而数据本身应当存储为元素。