HTML 编码（字符集）

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为了正确显示 HTML 页面，Web 浏览器必须知道要使用哪个字符集。

从 ASCII 到 UTF-8

ASCII 是第一个字符编码标准。ASCII 定义了 128 种可以在互联网上使用的字符：数字（0-9）、英文字母（A-Z）和一些特殊字符，比如：! $ + - ( ) @ < >。

ISO-8859-1 是 HTML 4 的默认字符集。此字符集支持 256 个不同的字符代码。HTML 4 同时支持 UTF-8。

ANSI（Windows-1252）是原始的 Windows 字符集。 ANSI 与 ISO-8859-1 相同，不同之处在于 ANSI 具有 32 个额外的字符。

HTML5 规范鼓励 Web 开发人员使用 UTF-8 字符集，该字符集涵盖了世界上几乎所有的字符和符号！

HTML charset 属性

为了正确显示 HTML 页面，Web 浏览器必须了解页面中使用的字符集。

这在 <meta> 标签中指定：

<meta charset="UTF-8">

亲自试一试

字符集之间的差异

下表展示了上述字符集之间的区别：

Numb	ASCII	ANSI	8859	UTF-8	Description
32					space
33	!	!	!	!	exclamation mark
34	"	"	"	"	quotation mark
35	#	#	#	#	number sign
36	$	$	$	$	dollar sign
37	%	%	%	%	percent sign
38	&	&	&	&	ampersand
39	38	38	38	38	&
ampersand	39	39	39	39	'
apostrophe	40	40	40	40	(
left parenthesis	41	41	41	41	)
right parenthesis	*	*	*	*	asterisk
+	plus sign	plus sign	plus sign	plus sign	,
comma	45	45	45	45	-
hyphen-minus	.	.	.	.	full stop
47	/	/	/	/	solidus
48	0	0	0	0	digit zero
49	1	1	1	1	digit one
50	2	2	2	2	digit two
51	3	3	3	3	digit three
52	4	4	4	4	digit four
53	5	5	5	5	digit five
54	6	6	6	6	digit six
55	7	7	7	7	digit seven
56	8	8	8	8	digit eight
57	9	9	9	9	digit nine
58	:	:	:	:	colon
59	;	;	;	;	semicolon
60	<	<	<	<	less-than sign
61	=	=	=	=	equals sign
62	>	>	>	>	greater-than sign
63	?	?	?	?	question mark
64	@	@	@	@	commercial at
65	A	A	A	A	Latin capital letter A
66	B	B	B	B	Latin capital letter B
67	C	C	C	C	Latin capital letter C
68	D	D	D	D	Latin capital letter D
69	E	E	E	E	Latin capital letter E
70	F	F	F	F	Latin capital letter F
71	G	G	G	G	Latin capital letter G
72	H	H	H	H	Latin capital letter H
73	I	I	I	I	Latin capital letter I
74	J	J	J	J	Latin capital letter J
75	K	K	K	K	Latin capital letter K
76	L	L	L	L	Latin capital letter L
77	M	M	M	M	Latin capital letter M
78	N	N	N	N	Latin capital letter N
79	O	O	O	O	Latin capital letter O
Latin capital letter M	N	N	N	N	Latin capital letter N
O	Latin capital letter O	Latin capital letter O	Latin capital letter O	Latin capital letter O	80
P	Latin capital letter P	Latin capital letter P	Latin capital letter P	Latin capital letter P	81
Q	Latin capital letter Q	Latin capital letter Q	Latin capital letter Q	Latin capital letter Q	82
R	Latin capital letter R	Latin capital letter R	Latin capital letter R	Latin capital letter R	83
S	Latin capital letter S	Latin capital letter S	Latin capital letter S	Latin capital letter S	84
T	Latin capital letter T	Latin capital letter T	Latin capital letter T	Latin capital letter T	85
U	Latin capital letter U	Latin capital letter U	Latin capital letter U	Latin capital letter U	86
V	Latin capital letter V	Latin capital letter V	Latin capital letter V	Latin capital letter V	87
W	Latin capital letter W	Latin capital letter W	Latin capital letter W	Latin capital letter W	88
X	Latin capital letter X	Latin capital letter X	Latin capital letter X	Latin capital letter X	89
Y	Latin capital letter Y	Latin capital letter Y	Latin capital letter Y	Latin capital letter Y	90
Z	Latin capital letter Z	Latin capital letter Z	Latin capital letter Z	Latin capital letter Z	91
[	left square bracket	left square bracket	left square bracket	left square bracket	\
reverse solidus	]	]	]	]	right square bracket
^	circumflex accent	circumflex accent	circumflex accent	circumflex accent	_
low line	`	`	`	`	grave accent
97	a	a	a	a	Latin small letter a
98	b	b	b	b	Latin small letter b
99	c	c	c	c	Latin small letter c
100	d	d	d	d	Latin small letter d
101	e	e	e	e	Latin small letter e
102	f	f	f	f	Latin small letter f
103	g	g	g	g	Latin small letter g
104	h	h	h	h	Latin small letter h
105	i	i	i	i	Latin small letter i
106	j	j	j	j	Latin small letter j
107	k	k	k	k	Latin small letter k
108	l	l	l	l	Latin small letter l
109	m	m	m	m	Latin small letter m
110	n	n	n	n	Latin small letter n
111	o	o	o	o	Latin small letter o
112	p	p	p	p	Latin small letter p
113	q	q	q	q	Latin small letter q
114	114	114	114	114	r
Latin small letter r	115	115	115	115	s
Latin small letter s	116	116	116	116	t
Latin small letter t	117	117	117	117	u
Latin small letter u	118	118	118	118	v
Latin small letter v	119	119	119	119	w
Latin small letter w	120	120	120	120	x
Latin small letter x	121	121	121	121	y
Latin small letter y	122	122	122	122	z
Latin small letter z	123	123	123	123	{
left curly bracket	\|	\|	\|	\|	vertical line
125	}	}	}	}	right curly bracket
126	~	~	~	~	tilde
127	DEL
128					euro sign
129					single right-pointing angle quotation mark
130					single low-9 quotation mark
131					Latin small letter f with hook
132					double low-9 quotation mark
133					horizontal ellipsis
134					dagger
135					double dagger
136					modifier letter circumflex accent
137					per mille sign
138					Latin capital letter S with caron
139					single left-pointing angle quotation mark
140					Latin capital ligature OE
141					single right-pointing angle quotation mark
142					Latin capital letter Z with caron
143					single right-pointing angle quotation mark
144					single right-pointing angle quotation mark
145					left single quotation mark
146					right single quotation mark
147					left double quotation mark
148					right double quotation mark
149					bullet
150					en dash
151					149
		bullet
en dash					em dash
152					small tilde
153					trade mark sign
154					Latin small letter s with caron
155					single right-pointing angle quotation mark
156					Latin small ligature oe
157					NOT USED
158
Latin small letter z with caron		159	159	159
Latin capital letter Y with diaeresis		160	160	160	no-break space
¡		inverted exclamation mark	inverted exclamation mark	inverted exclamation mark	¢
cent sign		£	£	£	pound sign
¤		currency sign	currency sign	currency sign	¥
yen sign		166	166	166	¦
broken bar		167	167	167	§
section sign		168	168	168	¨
diaeresis		169	169	169	©
copyright sign		170	170	170	ª
feminine ordinal indicator		171	171	171	«
left-pointing double angle quotation mark		172	172	172	¬
not sign					soft hyphen
174		®	®	®	registered sign
175		¯	¯	¯	macron
176		°	°	°	degree sign
177		±	±	±	plus-minus sign
178		²	²	²	superscript two
179		³	³	³	superscript three
180		´	´	´	acute accent
181		µ	µ	µ	micro sign
182		¶	¶	¶	pilcrow sign
183		·	·	·	middle dot
184		¸	¸	¸	cedilla
185		¹	¹	¹	superscript one
186		º	º	º	masculine ordinal indicator
187		»	»	»	right-pointing double angle quotation mark
188		¼	¼	¼	vulgar fraction one quarter
189		½	½	½	vulgar fraction one half
190		¾	¾	¾	vulgar fraction three quarters
191		¿	¿	¿	inverted question mark
192		À	À	À	Latin capital letter A with grave
193		Á	Á	Á	Latin capital letter A with acute
194		Â	Â	Â	Latin capital letter A with circumflex
195		Ã	Ã	Ã	Latin capital letter A with tilde
196		Ä	Ä	Ä	Latin capital letter A with diaeresis
197		Å	Å	Å	Latin capital letter A with ring above
198		Æ	Æ	Æ	Latin capital letter AE
199		Ç	Ç	Ç	Latin capital letter C with cedilla
200		È	È	È	Latin capital letter E with grave
201		É	É	É	Latin capital letter E with acute
202		Ê	Ê	Ê	Latin capital letter E with circumflex
203		Ë	Ë	Ë	Latin capital letter E with diaeresis
204		Ì	Ì	Ì	Latin capital letter I with grave
205		Í	Í	Í	Latin capital letter I with acute
206		Î	Î	Î	Latin capital letter I with circumflex
207		Ï	Ï	Ï	Latin capital letter I with diaeresis
208		Ð	Ð	Ð	Latin capital letter Eth
209		Ñ	Ñ	Ñ	Latin capital letter N with tilde
210		Ò	Ò	Ò	Latin capital letter O with grave
211		Ó	Ó	Ó	Latin capital letter O with acute
212		Ô	Ô	Ô	Latin capital letter O with circumflex
213		Õ	Õ	Õ	Latin capital letter O with tilde
214		Ö	Ö	Ö	Latin capital letter O with diaeresis
215		×	×	×	multiplication sign
216		Ø	Ø	Ø	Latin capital letter O with stroke
217		Ù	Ù	Ù	Latin capital letter U with grave
218		Ú	Ú	Ú	Latin capital letter U with acute
219		Û	Û	Û	Latin capital letter U with circumflex
220		Ü	Ü	Ü	Latin capital letter U with diaeresis
221		Ý	Ý	Ý	Latin capital letter Y with acute
222		Þ	Þ	Þ	Latin capital letter Thorn
223		ß	ß	ß	Latin small letter sharp s
224		à	à	à	Latin small letter a with grave
225		á	á	á	Latin small letter a with acute
226		â	â	â	Latin small letter a with circumflex
227		ã	ã	ã	Latin small letter a with tilde
228		ä	ä	ä	Latin small letter a with diaeresis
229		å	å	å	Latin small letter a with ring above
230		æ	æ	æ	Latin small letter ae
231		ç	ç	ç	Latin small letter c with cedilla
232		è	è	è	Latin small letter e with grave
233		é	é	é	Latin maliit na titik e na may acute
234		ê	ê	ê	Latin maliit na titik e na may circumflex
235		ë	ë	ë	Latin maliit na titik e na may diaeresis
236		ì	ì	ì	Latin maliit na titik i na may grave
237		í	í	í	Latin maliit na titik i na may acute
238		î	î	î	Latin maliit na titik i na may circumflex
239		ï	ï	ï	Latin maliit na titik i na may diaeresis
240		ð	ð	ð	Latin maliit na titik eth
241		ñ	ñ	ñ	Latin maliit na titik n na may tilde
242		ò	ò	ò	Latin maliit na titik o na may grave
243		ó	ó	ó	Latin maliit na titik o na may acute
244		ô	ô	ô	Latin maliit na titik o na may circumflex
245		õ	õ	õ	Latin maliit na titik o na may tilde
246		ö	ö	ö	Latin maliit na titik o na may diaeresis
247		÷	÷	÷	division sign
248		ø	ø	ø	Latin maliit na titik o na may stroke
249		ù	ù	ù	Latin maliit na titik u na may grave
250		ú	ú	ú	Latin maliit na titik u na may acute
251		û	û	û	Latin maliit na titik na may circumflex
252		ü	ü	ü	Latin maliit na titik u na may diaeresis
253		ý	ý	ý	Latin maliit na titik y na may acute
254		þ	þ	þ	Latin maliit na titik thorn
255		ÿ	ÿ	ÿ	Latin maliit na titik y na may diaeresis

ASCII charset

ASCII gumamit ng mga halaga mula 0 hanggang 31 (at 127) bilang kontrol na character.

ASCII uses values between 32 and 126 to represent letters, numbers, and symbols.

ASCII does not use values between 128 and 255.

ANSI Character Set (Windows-1252)

For values between 0 and 127, ANSI is the same as ASCII.

ANSI has a set of proprietary characters with values from 128 to 159.

For values between 160 and 255, ANSI is the same as UTF-8.

ISO-8859-1 Character Set

For values between 0 and 127, 8859-1 is the same as ASCII.

8859-1 does not use values between 128 and 159.

For values between 160 and 255, 8859-1 is the same as UTF-8.

UTF-8 Character Set

For values between 0 and 127, UTF-8 is the same as ASCII.

UTF-8 does not use values between 128 and 159.

For values between 160 and 255, UTF-8 is the same as ANSI and 8859-1.

UTF-8 continues from value 256, containing more than 10,000 different characters.

For a deeper understanding, please read our complete HTML Character Set Reference Manual.

CSS @charset Rule

You can use the CSS @charset rule to specify the character encoding used in the stylesheet:

Example

Set the encoding of the stylesheet to Unicode UTF-8:

@charset "UTF-8";

Get more information about it in our CSS Reference Manual. CSS @charset Rule Content.

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