XQuery Selectie en Filteren
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选择和过滤元素
正如在前面的章节所看到的,我们使用路径表达式或 FLWOR 表达式来选择和过滤元素。
请看下面的 FLWOR 表达式:
for $x in doc("books.xml")/bookstore/book where $x/price>30 order by $x/title return $x/title
- for
- (可选) 向每个由 in 表达式返回的项目绑定一个变量
- let
- (可选)
- where
- (可选) 设定一个条件
- order by
- (可选) 设定结果的排列顺序
- return
- 规定在结果中返回的内容
for 语句
for 语句可以将变量绑定到由 in 表达式返回的每个项目。for 语句可以产生迭代。在同一个 FLWOR 表达式中可以存在多个 for 语句。
如果需要在 for 语句中指定次数地循环,您可以使用关键词 to :
for $x in (1 to 5) return <test>{$x}</test>
Result:
<test>1</test> <test>2</test> <test>3</test> <test>4</test> <test>5</test>
Keyword at Can be used to calculate iteration:
for $x at $i in doc("books.xml")/bookstore/book/title return <book>{$i}. {data($x)}</book>
Result:
<book>1. Everyday Italian</book> <book>2. Harry Potter</book> <book>3. XQuery Kick Start</book> <book>4. Learning XML</book>
Similarly in the for statementMultiple in expressions are allowed. Please use commas to separate each in expression:
for $x in (10,20), $y in (100,200) return <test>x={$x} and y={$y}</test>
Result:
<test>x=10 and y=100</test> <test>x=10 and y=200</test> <test>x=20 and y=100</test> <test>x=20 and y=200</test>
Let statement
The let statement can perform variable assignment and can avoid repeating the same expression multiple times. The let statement does not cause iteration.
let $x := (1 to 5) return <test>{$x}</test>
Result:
<test>1 2 3 4 5</test>
Where statement
The where statement is used to set one or more conditions (criteria) for the results.
where $x/price>30 and $x/price<100
Order by statement
The order by statement is used to specify the order of the results. Here, we want to sort the results by category and title:
for $x in doc("books.xml")/bookstore/book order by $x/@category, $x/title return $x/title
Result:
<title lang="en">Harry Potter</title> <title lang="en">Everyday Italian</title> <title lang="en">Learning XML</title> <title lang="en">XQuery Kick Start</title>
Return statement:
The return statement specifies the content to be returned.
for $x in doc("books.xml")/bookstore/book return $x/title
Result:
<title lang="en">Everyday Italian</title> <title lang="en">Harry Potter</title> <title lang="en">XQuery Kick Start</title> <title lang="en">Learning XML</title>
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