HTML Codering (Caractergeset)
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为了正确显示 HTML 页面,Web 浏览器必须知道要使用哪个字符集。
从 ASCII 到 UTF-8
ASCII 是第一个字符编码标准。ASCII 定义了 128 种可以在互联网上使用的字符:数字(0-9)、英文字母(A-Z)和一些特殊字符,比如:! $ + - ( ) @ < >。
ISO-8859-1 是 HTML 4 的默认字符集。此字符集支持 256 个不同的字符代码。HTML 4 同时支持 UTF-8。
ANSI(Windows-1252)是原始的 Windows 字符集。 ANSI 与 ISO-8859-1 相同,不同之处在于 ANSI 具有 32 个额外的字符。
HTML5 规范鼓励 Web 开发人员使用 UTF-8 字符集,该字符集涵盖了世界上几乎所有的字符和符号!
字符集之间的差异
下表展示了上述字符集之间的区别:
Numb | ASCII | ANSI | 8859 | UTF-8 | Description |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
32 | space | ||||
33 | ! | ! | ! | ! | exclamation mark |
34 | " | " | " | " | quotation mark |
35 | # | # | # | # | number sign |
36 | $ | $ | $ | $ | dollar sign |
37 | % | % | % | % | percent sign |
38 | 38 | 38 | 38 | 38 | & |
ampersand | 39 | 39 | 39 | 39 | ' |
apostrophe | 40 | 40 | 40 | 40 | ( |
left parenthesis | 41 | 41 | 41 | 41 | ) |
right parenthesis | 42 | 42 | 42 | 42 | * |
asterisk | 43 | 43 | 43 | 43 | + |
plus sign | 44 | 44 | 44 | 44 | , |
comma | 45 | 45 | 45 | 45 | - |
hyphen-minus | 46 | 46 | 46 | 46 | . |
full stop | 47 | 47 | 47 | 47 | / |
solidus | 48 | 48 | 48 | 48 | 0 |
digit zero | 49 | 49 | 49 | 49 | 1 |
digit one | 50 | 50 | 50 | 50 | 2 |
digit two | 51 | 51 | 51 | 51 | 3 |
digit three | 52 | 52 | 52 | 52 | 4 |
digit four | 53 | 53 | 53 | 53 | 5 |
digit five | 54 | 54 | 54 | 54 | 6 |
digit six | 55 | 55 | 55 | 55 | 7 |
digit seven | 56 | 56 | 56 | 56 | 8 |
digit eight | 57 | 57 | 57 | 57 | 9 |
digit nine | 58 | 58 | 58 | 58 | : |
colon | 59 | 59 | 59 | 59 | ; |
semicolon | 60 | 60 | 60 | 60 | < |
less-than sign | 61 | 61 | 61 | 61 | = |
equals sign | 62 | 62 | 62 | 62 | > |
greater-than sign | ? | ? | ? | ? | question mark |
64 | @ | @ | @ | @ | commercial at |
65 | A | A | A | A | Latin capital letter A |
66 | B | B | B | B | Latin capital letter B |
67 | C | C | C | C | Latin capital letter C |
68 | D | D | D | D | Latin capital letter D |
69 | E | E | E | E | Latin capital letter E |
70 | F | F | F | F | Latin capital letter F |
71 | G | G | G | G | Latin capital letter G |
72 | H | H | H | H | Latin capital letter H |
73 | I | I | I | I | Latin capital letter I |
74 | J | J | J | J | Latin capital letter J |
75 | K | K | K | K | Latin capital letter K |
76 | L | L | L | L | Latin capital letter L |
77 | M | M | M | M | Latin capital letter M |
78 | N | N | N | N | Latin capital letter N |
79 | O | O | O | O | Latin capital letter O |
Latin capital letter M | N | N | N | N | Latin capital letter N |
O | Latin capital letter O | Latin capital letter O | Latin capital letter O | Latin capital letter O | 80 |
P | Latin capital letter P | Latin capital letter P | Latin capital letter P | Latin capital letter P | 81 |
Q | Latin capital letter Q | Latin capital letter Q | Latin capital letter Q | Latin capital letter Q | 82 |
R | Latin capital letter R | Latin capital letter R | Latin capital letter R | Latin capital letter R | 83 |
S | Latin capital letter S | Latin capital letter S | Latin capital letter S | Latin capital letter S | 84 |
T | Latin capital letter T | Latin capital letter T | Latin capital letter T | Latin capital letter T | 85 |
U | Latin capital letter U | Latin capital letter U | Latin capital letter U | Latin capital letter U | 86 |
V | Latin capital letter V | Latin capital letter V | Latin capital letter V | Latin capital letter V | 87 |
W | Latin capital letter W | Latin capital letter W | Latin capital letter W | Latin capital letter W | 88 |
X | Latin capital letter X | Latin capital letter X | Latin capital letter X | Latin capital letter X | 89 |
Y | Latin capital letter Y | Latin capital letter Y | Latin capital letter Y | Latin capital letter Y | 90 |
Z | Latin capital letter Z | Latin capital letter Z | Latin capital letter Z | Latin capital letter Z | 91 |
[ | left square bracket | left square bracket | left square bracket | left square bracket | \ |
reverse solidus | ] | ] | ] | ] | right square bracket |
^ | circumflex accent | circumflex accent | circumflex accent | circumflex accent | _ |
low line | ` | ` | ` | ` | grave accent |
97 | a | a | a | a | Latin small letter a |
98 | b | b | b | b | Latin small letter b |
99 | c | c | c | c | Latin small letter c |
100 | d | d | d | d | Latin small letter d |
101 | e | e | e | e | Latin small letter e |
102 | f | f | f | f | Latin small letter f |
103 | g | g | g | g | Latin small letter g |
104 | h | h | h | h | Latin small letter h |
105 | i | i | i | i | Latin small letter i |
106 | j | j | j | j | Latin small letter j |
107 | k | k | k | k | Latin small letter k |
108 | l | l | l | l | Latin small letter l |
109 | m | m | m | m | Latin small letter m |
110 | n | n | n | n | Latin small letter n |
111 | o | o | o | o | Latin small letter o |
112 | p | p | p | p | Latin small letter p |
113 | q | q | q | q | Latin small letter q |
114 | r | r | r | r | Latijnse kleine letter r |
115 | s | s | s | s | Latijnse kleine letter s |
116 | t | t | t | t | Latijnse kleine letter t |
117 | u | u | u | u | Latijnse kleine letter u |
118 | v | v | v | v | Latijnse kleine letter v |
119 | w | w | w | w | Latijnse kleine letter w |
120 | x | x | x | x | Latijnse kleine letter x |
121 | y | y | y | y | Latijnse kleine letter y |
122 | z | z | z | z | Latijnse kleine letter z |
123 | { | { | { | { | linker haakje |
124 | | | | | | | | | verticale streep |
125 | } | } | } | } | rechter haakje |
126 | ~ | ~ | ~ | ~ | tilde |
128 | DEL | ||||
129 | ˆ | euro-teken | |||
ˆ | 130 | 130 | 130 | Latin small ligature oe | |
ˆ | 131 | ˆ | |||
enkelvoudig lage-9 aanhalingsteken | 132 | ˆ | |||
Latijnse kleine letter f met haak | 133 | ˆ | |||
dubbele lage-9 aanhalingsteken | ... | horizontale ellips | |||
134 | ˆ | zwaaiende meteervork | |||
135 | ˇ | dubbele zwaaiende meteervork | |||
136 | ˆ | modificerend teken hoekschrift | |||
137 | ˇ | promille-teken | |||
138 | ˊ | Latijnse hoofdletter S met caron | |||
139 | ˌ | enkelvoudig linksgewijzigd hoekhalingsteken | |||
140 | ˌ | Latijnse hoofdletter ligatuur OE | |||
141 | ˇ | ˇ | ˇ | Latin small ligature oe | |
142 | ˇ | Latijnse hoofdletter Z met caron | |||
143 | ˇ | ˇ | ˇ | Latin small ligature oe | |
144 | ˆ | ˆ | ˆ | Latin small ligature oe | |
145 | ' | ' | |||
146 | ' | rechter enkelvoudig aanhalingsteken | |||
147 | " | " | |||
148 | " | rechter dubbele aanhalingsteken | |||
149 | | ||||
149 | | bullet | |||
150 | | en dash | |||
151 | | em dash | |||
152 | | small tilde | |||
153 | | trade mark sign | |||
154 | | Latin small letter s with caron | |||
155 | | single right-pointing angle quotation mark | |||
156 | | | | Latin small ligature oe | |
157 | | NOT USED | |||
158 | | Latin small letter z with caron | |||
159 | | ||||
Latin capital letter Y with diaeresis | 160 | 160 | 160 | no-break space | |
¡ | inverted exclamation mark | inverted exclamation mark | inverted exclamation mark | 162 | |
¢ | cent sign | cent sign | cent sign | 163 | |
£ | pound sign | pound sign | pound sign | 164 | |
¤ | currency sign | currency sign | currency sign | ¥ | |
yen sign | 166 | 166 | 166 | ¦ | |
broken bar | 167 | 167 | 167 | § | |
section sign | 168 | 168 | 168 | ¨ | |
diaeresis | 169 | 169 | 169 | © | |
copyright sign | 170 | 170 | 170 | ª | |
feminine ordinal indicator | 171 | 171 | 171 | « | |
left-pointing double angle quotation mark | 172 | 172 | 172 | ¬ | |
not sign | | | | soft hyphen | |
174 | ® | ® | ® | registered sign | |
175 | ¯ | ¯ | ¯ | macron | |
176 | ° | ° | ° | degree sign | |
177 | ± | ± | ± | plus-minus sign | |
178 | ² | ² | ² | superscript two | |
179 | ³ | ³ | ³ | superscript three | |
180 | ´ | ´ | ´ | acute accent | |
181 | µ | µ | µ | micro sign | |
182 | ¶ | ¶ | ¶ | pilcrow sign | |
183 | · | · | · | middle dot | |
184 | ¸ | ¸ | ¸ | cedilla | |
185 | ¹ | ¹ | ¹ | superscript one | |
186 | º | º | º | masculine ordinal indicator | |
187 | » | » | » | right-pointing double angle quotation mark | |
188 | ¼ | ¼ | ¼ | vulgar fraction one quarter | |
189 | ½ | ½ | ½ | vulgar fraction one half | |
190 | ¾ | ¾ | ¾ | vulgar fraction three quarters | |
191 | ¿ | ¿ | ¿ | inverted question mark | |
192 | À | À | À | Latin capital letter A with grave | |
193 | Á | Á | Á | Latin capital letter A with acute | |
194 | Â | Â | Â | Latin capital letter A with circumflex | |
195 | Ã | Ã | Ã | Latin capital letter A with tilde | |
196 | Ä | Ä | Ä | Latin capital letter A with diaeresis | |
197 | Å | Å | Å | Latin capital letter A with ring above | |
198 | Æ | Æ | Æ | Latin capital letter AE | |
199 | Ç | Ç | Ç | Latin capital letter C with cedilla | |
200 | È | È | È | Latin capital letter E with grave | |
201 | É | É | É | Latin capital letter E with acute | |
202 | Ê | Ê | Ê | Latin capital letter E with circumflex | |
203 | Ë | Ë | Ë | Latin capital letter E with diaeresis | |
204 | Ì | Ì | Ì | Latin capital letter I with grave | |
205 | Í | Í | Í | Latin capital letter I with acute | |
206 | Î | Î | Î | Latin capital letter I with circumflex | |
207 | Ï | Ï | Ï | Latin capital letter I with diaeresis | |
208 | Ð | Ð | Ð | Latin capital letter Eth | |
209 | Ñ | Ñ | Ñ | Latin capital letter N with tilde | |
210 | Ò | Ò | Ò | Latin capital letter O with grave | |
211 | Ó | Ó | Ó | Latin capital letter O with acute | |
212 | Ô | Ô | Ô | Latin capital letter O with circumflex | |
213 | Õ | Õ | Õ | Latin capital letter O with tilde | |
214 | Ö | Ö | Ö | Latin capital letter O with diaeresis | |
215 | × | × | × | multiplication sign | |
216 | Ø | Ø | Ø | Latin capital letter O with stroke | |
217 | Ù | Ù | Ù | Latin capital letter U with grave | |
218 | Ú | Ú | Ú | Latin capital letter U with acute | |
219 | Û | Û | Û | Latin capital letter U with circumflex | |
220 | Ü | Ü | Ü | Latin capital letter U with diaeresis | |
221 | Ý | Ý | Ý | Latin capital letter Y with acute | |
222 | Þ | Þ | Þ | Latin capital letter Thorn | |
223 | ß | ß | ß | Latin small letter sharp s | |
224 | à | à | à | Latin small letter a with grave | |
225 | á | á | á | Latin small letter a with acute | |
226 | â | â | â | Latin small letter a with circumflex | |
227 | ã | ã | ã | Latin small letter a with tilde | |
228 | ä | ä | ä | Latin small letter a with diaeresis | |
229 | å | å | å | Latin small letter a with ring above | |
230 | æ | æ | æ | Latin small letter ae | |
231 | ç | ç | ç | Latin small letter c with cedilla | |
232 | è | è | è | Latin small letter e with grave | |
233 | 233 | 233 | 233 | é | |
Kleine letter e met kruis | 234 | 234 | 234 | ê | |
Kleine letter e met cirkel | 235 | 235 | 235 | ë | |
Kleine letter e met trema | 236 | 236 | 236 | ì | |
Kleine letter i met streep | 237 | 237 | 237 | í | |
Kleine letter i met kruis | 238 | 238 | 238 | î | |
Kleine letter i met cirkel | 239 | 239 | 239 | ï | |
Kleine letter i met trema | 240 | 240 | 240 | ð | |
Kleine letter eth | 241 | 241 | 241 | ñ | |
Kleine letter n met tilde | 242 | 242 | 242 | ò | |
Kleine letter o met streep | 243 | 243 | 243 | ó | |
Kleine letter o met kruis | 244 | 244 | 244 | ô | |
Kleine letter o met cirkel | 245 | 245 | 245 | õ | |
Kleine letter o met tilde | 246 | 246 | 246 | ö | |
Kleine letter o met trema | 247 | 247 | 247 | ÷ | |
delingsteken | ø | ø | ø | Kleine letter o met streep | |
249 | ù | ù | ù | Kleine letter u met streep | |
250 | ú | ú | ú | Kleine letter u met kruis | |
251 | û | û | û | Kleine letter met cirkel | |
252 | ü | ü | ü | Kleine letter u met trema | |
253 | ý | ý | ý | Kleine letter y met kruis | |
254 | þ | þ | þ | Kleine letter thorn | |
255 | ÿ | ÿ | ÿ | Kleine letter y met trema |
ASCII-karakterset
ASCII gebruikt de waarden van 0 tot 31 (en 127) als controlekarakters.
ASCII gebruikt waarden van 32 tot 126 om letters, cijfers en symbolen te representeren.
ASCII gebruikt geen waarden van 128 tot 255.
ANSI tekenset (Windows-1252)
Voor waarden van 0 tot 127 is ANSI hetzelfde als ASCII.
ANSI heeft een set van specifieke tekens met waarden van 128 tot 159.
Voor waarden van 160 tot 255 is ANSI hetzelfde als UTF-8.
ISO-8859-1 tekenset
Voor waarden van 0 tot 127 is 8859-1 hetzelfde als ASCII.
8859-1 gebruikt geen waarden van 128 tot 159.
Voor waarden van 160 tot 255 is 8859-1 hetzelfde als UTF-8.
UTF-8 tekenset
Voor waarden van 0 tot 127 is UTF-8 hetzelfde als ASCII.
UTF-8 gebruikt geen waarden van 128 tot 159.
Voor waarden van 160 tot 255 is UTF-8 hetzelfde als ANSI en 8859-1.
UTF-8 gaat verder vanaf waarde 256 en bevat meer dan 10000 verschillende tekens.
Voor verdere verdieping, lees ons volledige HTML tekenset referenties.
@charset CSS regel
U kunt de CSS @charset regel gebruiken om de characterencoding in de stylesheet te specificeren:
Voorbeeld
Stel de encoding van de stylesheet in op Unicode UTF-8:
@charset "UTF-8";
Meer informatie kunt u vinden in onze CSS referenties. CSS @charset regel inhoud.
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